The present research was conducted with the aim of the relationship between social factors and family violence against children (child abuse). The used method was a survey and the data collection tool was also a questionnaire. From a total of 155 families with a history of child abuse based on the social emergency statistics of Tehran in the last 6 months of 1397, 110 families (parents with one or more children) were selected in District 9 of Tehran Municipality. The random sampling method was simple. In the present study, children under 11 years (6-11 years) were defined as the age range of children and family violence was also defined as violence applied by parents, older siblings. Research hypotheses were tested with SPSS statistical software through Pearson's correlation coefficient. The results showed that the experience of violence has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In other results, it was found that violence-oriented mentality has a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence, neglect against children and family violence against children. In the continuation of the obtained results, the positive relationship of family problems with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children was confirmed and it was found that gender stereotypes have a positive relationship with mental violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children. Finally, in the main hypothesis, the results showed: social factors have a positive relationship with psychological violence, physical violence and neglect against children and family violence against children.

Background & Aims: Child abuse (CA) is a multi-dimensional damage which is emerged and intensified by several elements. CA brings about physical, mental, and social aftermaths for the children and exposes them to several dangers. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between Substance abuse and CA in Tehran.Materials & Methods: This study was conducted through a survey, and systematic random sampling method was used. The statistical population of this study was Child abuse in Tehran in 2014-15. The sample population of this study was 273 individuals which were selected using Cochran Sampling Formula among the Child abuse. The questionnaires were also analyzed after investigating validity and reliability of the questions.Results: The findings of this research showed that girls and boys are abused equally. Moreover, as the age of the children increases, the possibility of being abused increases too. The most common insult was physical and physical-mental abuse. Most of the children have experienced a combination of physical, mental, and sexual abuse and neglect. Also, findings of this study showed that addiction of the parents was the main element of CA (43% of cases); and there was a significant relationship between parental Substance abuse and CA. Dependency to methamphetamine was the most common addiction compared to other drugs (83%).Conclusion: Considering these results, the necessity of multi-dimensional planning in individual, family, and social levels and in three preventive phases of first, second and third is needed for effective prevention and appropriate intervening on CA.

نادرستOrientalists have used an argument called the argument of silence in the Dating of hadiths. This argument has caused a great deal of controversy and has led to criticism from Orientalists such as Shakht and Yanbal by Muslim and Western critics. What is challenging in this regard and a place for reflection is the great similarity of the argument of silence of Western hadith scholars with the rule of "Law Kana Laban" of Shiite jurists. The present article has analyzed the dimensions of these two arguments by comparatively studying the argument of silence of Western hadith scholars and the rule of "Law Kana Laban" of Shiite jurists. In the argument of silence, the condition is related to the author's condition, but in the rule of "Lu Kan Kan Laban", the condition is determined based on the type of problem - public affliction. In both arguments, the significance of the issue lies in the context. There is also the condition of not hindering registration and publicity in both arguments; However, it is not specified in the argument of silence. These two arguments are effective in Dating and valiDating hadiths, provided that the conditions for each are met.

Objectives: Teenage marriage results in social, cultural, and economic problems including domestic violence. Based on research evidence, the present study attempted to provide a documentary image of domestic violence in early marriages. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted by searching different databases such as Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PubMed, Scientific Information Database, Google Scholar, Magiran, Irandoc, and Iranmedex for articles which were published during 2000-2018. To this end, MeSH keywords like “ Dating violence” , “ intimate partner violence (IPV)” , “ teenage marriage” , and “ domestic violence” were utilized and thus a total of 176 articles were obtained and selected for review. Finally, the “ Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations” (GRADE) approach was used to order the quality of evidence. Results: Based on the findings, the general prevalence of domestic violence varies from 7% to 48% in the world and from 10. 7% to 93% in Iran. IPV is more prevalent in younger women and psychological and physical violence is higher in this group. In addition, the prevalence of domestic violence in pregnancy varies from 2% to 43. 5%. Women experience more violence in three months pre-pregnancy, during the first six months of pregnancy, and three months after childbirth. During pregnancy, domestic violence is related to the complications of preterm labor, low birth weight, vaginal bleeding, and hospitalization. Eventually, depression, panic attacks, excessive alcohol use, eating disorders, and suicidal thoughts are mental health disorders resulted from domestic violence. Conclusions: Overall, young women are the sacrifice of violence in their most active years of life, which is along with the most harm in society concerning health, economics, cultural, and social issues. Considering its high rate, teenage marriage can be prevented by increasing public awareness and the cooperation of related organizations.